Welcome to our comprehensive guide on peptides! These small yet powerful molecules comprising amino acid chains are crucial in biological processes and scientific research. Each peptide is unique, defined by its specific amino acid sequence. In the laboratory, peptides are synthesised with meticulous precision, enabling researchers to create specific peptides with desired properties for various studies and applications.

What Do Peptides Look Like?

Peptides, in their pure form, usually appear as white crystalline powders. Their appearance, however, can vary based on their specific chemical composition. Some peptides may even change colour or form when dissolved in different solvents. Since peptides are microscopic, we observe a collection of these molecules clustered together.

Usually, a peptide will be in a small vial, lyophilised, a frozen, dried powder that can look like a solid puck. You can learn more about the lyophilised stages here.

What Do Peptides Do?

In the human body, peptides perform an array of functions. They act as hormones, neurotransmitters, and modulators of the immune system. These molecules, extensively used in scientific research for their diverse functionalities, are vital in regulating biological processes.

Some examples of Peptides are:

  • Collagen Peptides: Collagen peptides, famous for their anti-ageing and skin health benefits, actively enhance skincare products and supplements. They also play a significant role in bone and joint health supplements.
  • Casein Peptides: Casein peptides, released during the digestion of milk and dairy products, actively support immune function and are believed to help reduce high blood pressure.
  • Gluten Peptides: Found in wheat and other grains, gluten peptides can be problematic for people with gluten sensitivities or celiac disease.
  • Keratin Peptides: Commonly found in hair care products, keratin peptides help strengthen hair and improve its overall appearance.
  • Soy peptides: Derived from soybeans, they actively feature in many food products and supplements and are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Peptide hormones: Insulin, a peptide hormone, is crucial for regulating blood sugar levels. The pancreas naturally produces it, and medical professionals administer it as medication to people with diabetes.
  • Bioactive Peptides: Fermented foods like yoghurt, kefir, and certain types of cheese contain bioactive peptides. These peptides offer various health benefits, including antimicrobial, antithrombotic, and immune-modulatory effects.
  • Peptidomimetics: These are synthetic peptides in some pharmaceuticals designed to mimic natural peptides to treat various diseases.
  • Research Peptides: Synthesised in laboratories for scientific studies, research peptides are pivotal in advancing our understanding of biological processes and disease mechanisms. They are used to explore therapeutic potentials and develop new drugs. Research peptides like BPC-157, TB-500, and Epitalon are known for their specific biological activities.

Peptides in Skin Care Products

The skincare industry reveres peptides for actively enhancing skin health. They penetrate the skin, promoting collagen production, reducing wrinkles, and improving skin hydration. Brands like Niod, The Ordinary, Rewnd and No7 use Peptides like GHK-CU and Matrixyl. The peptides used in skincare are specifically designed for safety and efficacy, differentiating them from those used in laboratory research.

Peptides in Supplements

Dietary supplements often contain peptides marketed for benefits like muscle growth, weight loss, or improved recovery from exercise. However, it's essential to cautiously approach these claims, as the scientific evidence supporting them varies. Unlike research peptides, supplement peptides are intended for consumption but should be used responsibly and with an understanding of their effects.

Recently, there has been a surge in BPC-157 capsules. However, vendors often misrepresent these products. BPC-157 has not been tested for sale as a food supplement and remains a research product. Due to restrictions on the active ingredient, the current market offerings might not contain any active BPC-157. It's advisable to verify the contents before making a purchase.

Peptides in Research

Research peptides, synthesised for specific studies, are at the forefront of medical and scientific advancements. They offer the potential to develop new therapeutic approaches for various diseases. These peptides are vital in experimental settings, helping scientists to understand biological processes and develop new treatments.

Important Note: Research peptides, although promising, are strictly for scientific and developmental use. Manufacturers do not intend them as drugs, food supplements, cosmetics, or any other application on humans or animals. Their use should always adhere to ethical and legal guidelines.

Frequently Asked Questions About Peptides

  • Are peptides legal in the UK? Yes, peptides are legal in the UK for research and scientific purposes. They must be used within strict regulatory standards, ensuring their use is safe and ethical.
  • Are peptides safe? Peptides are generally safe when used appropriately in controlled environments like scientific research or skincare products that adhere to established safety standards. The safety of peptides in other applications, like supplements, depends on compliance with rigorous testing and regulatory standards.
  • Are peptides steroids? No, peptides are not steroids. While both are significant in the biological realm, they differ in structure, function, and use. Peptides comprise amino acids, whereas steroids are a lipid derived from cholesterol. Their roles in the body and research are distinctly different.
  • Can peptides be taken orally? The oral administration of peptides is a topic of active research. While some peptides may be ineffective orally due to breakdown in the digestive system, advancements in peptide formulation aim to make oral consumption more effective.
  • Do peptides work? Peptides have demonstrated effectiveness in various fields of research and application. Their specific functions in the body, such as hormone regulation and immune response, along with their potential in skincare and therapeutic developments, showcase their versatility and effectiveness.
  • Does using peptides affect fertility? The impact of peptides on fertility is an area of ongoing study. Researchers are studying specific peptides, such as Kisspeptin 10, for their potential benefits in reproductive health. However, professionals should closely monitor and conduct any fertility-related usage under professional medical advice.
  • How do peptides work? Peptides function by interacting with different cells in the body. They can bind to specific receptors on cell surfaces, triggering various biological responses. This unique ability makes peptides invaluable in both research and therapeutic applications.
  • Think of a peptide as a key that, upon finding its specific receptor, unlocks it to produce a targeted result.
  • How are peptides formed and made? Peptides naturally form in the body through protein biosynthesis, linking amino acids together in a specific sequence. In the lab, scientists synthetically create peptides through solid-phase peptide synthesis, which enables precise control over the peptide's composition and sequence.

Concluding Thoughts

The world of peptides is a rapidly evolving and fascinating field with vast implications for medicine, skincare, and beyond. Our exploration of peptides, from their formation to diverse functionalities and applications, highlights their integral role in scientific advancements and everyday life. As research continues, we can expect to uncover even more about the potential and capabilities of these remarkable molecules. We collaborate actively with numerous research centres and universities at UK Peptides.